Human Resource Development College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Resource Development College - Essay Example Thus, it is necessary for managers to understand organizational behavior. Organizational Behavior studies focus on three aspects: the individuals, groups & structure. Some of the day to day operations issues of organizations that organizational behavior studies address are change management, motivation, groups, employment turnover, conflict, work design, work stress, leadership issues, power & interpersonal communication. Managers need to understand organization behavior in order to be successful in their four management functions of planning, organizing, leading & controlling. I The Individual: While assigning duties and responsibilities, managers need to take account of the individual's abilities. Ability is defined as "an individual's capacity to perform the various tasks in a job." Human beings are believed to be equal. However, this is not true when talking in organizational context .People have there own individual abilities. Intellectual ability is defined as "That required to do mental activities". There are various dimensions of intellectual ability including aptitude, verbal comprehension, perceptual speed, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, spatial visualization, & memory. Physical ability is defined "as that required to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength and similar characteristics". A manager needs to conduct a stock count of skills and abilities preset in his workforce that he can utilize to achieve the ability-job fit. Matching abilities to the job design is necessary to enhance employee performance. Personality is defined as the sum total of ways in which an individual interacts with others. Every individual has a different personality. The determinants of personality are heredity, environment & situation. Personality traits are characteristics of personality in different situations. These traits describe an individual's behavior. Research has been conducted to isolate and identify different personality characteristics. Myers Briggs Type Indicator is one of the most frequently used personality tests. The Myers Briggs type indicator is a personality test that identifies four characteristics and classifies people into 16 personality types. The sixteen primary personality traits are reserved vs outgoing, less intelligent Vs more intelligent, affected by feelings vs emotionally stable, submissive vs dominant, serious vs happy go lucky, expedient vs conscientious, timid vs venturesome, tough minded vs sensitive, trusting vs suspicious, practical vs imaginative, forthright vs shrewd, self assureds apprehensive, conservative vs experimenting, group dependent vs self sufficient, uncontrolled vs controlled and relaxed vs tensed. The Myers Briggs Type Indicator is criticized for lack of supporting evidence. The Five Factor model or the Big Five Model is being used more often because of the high amount of research that supports this model. According to the Big Five model five basic personality dimensions underlie al others. The big five factors are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience. Today's managers also face the challenge of making decisions that are in compliance with the values , ethics and culture of the society that they operate in and the sub culture f their own organization. This problem always existed but has intensified due to globalization and expanding of international business. Values are defined as "basic convictions that a specific mode of

History of Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

History of Architecture - Essay Example It will also reveal innovative new building technologies and strategies that can help and restore the viability of a natural cycle (History of architecture, 12). This essay will also touch on the main functions of a shelter and how humans have continuously adapted to differing environments through an amazing diversity of structure. Humans are required to live harmoniously with each other for future growth of the environment. This essay will discuss the nature of dwelling (from the urban scale to the â€Å"home†) in the built environment from the 18th-21st centuries, putting into consideration the scale of the city and the individual or multi-family dwelling. In addition, this essay will describe the design global and the local-built environment from the 18th-21st century and what were happening during the age of reason or enlightenment period, the modern period, and the postmodern period. The traces that are found in caves makes us believe that early humans were living in cave s. The bones they gnawed, even their own bones, and the flints they used were creped around for ever in a cave but get scattered or demolished somewhere else. Caves were winter shelters, and none wished to remain inside on a summer day. This is similar to the response that our ancestors portrayed. The right to travel extensively for the goals of hunting as well as gathering called for the need for at least a short-term shelter. The demand for shelter brought about the beginning of architecture (Pryce, 19). The early human needed a shelter against rain and sun hence they would lean some protective shields, for example, they used leafy branches against the trunk of a tree. Traces of early dwellings that can be counted as reliable were found for as early as 30,000 years ago. The circular or oval ring of stones together with the local materials that was used to act as a tent-like roof was enough evidence that the early humans practiced architecture. An encampment from 25,000 years ago h as been at Dolni Vestonice in Eastern Europe. The evolution of architecture shifted form tents to round houses by around 8000 BC. By 6500 BC, human beings lived in houses with straight walls, which had windows. From the 5th to the 2nd millennium, the construction of Stone Age graves and temples was acquired, and it became common. Multi-family dwelling also known as a multi-dwelling unit or multi-family residential is a categorization of the housing element for the non-commercial populace is contained within one or several building within one complex (McIntyre et al, 15). One common form of a multi-family dwelling is an apartment building. In some cases, multi-family dwelling building is owned individually instead of leasing from a single apartment building owner. There are different types of multi-family dwelling. These include two flat, which is commonly built on a house lot. The second one is a three flat which is similar to two flat, but it contains three flats; they are most com mon. Another type of multi-family dwelling is a four flat apartment (Graff, 17). Duplex or semi-detached - one building, which consist of two houses, townhouse – this is a type of house that is attached to townhouses. There is also the apartment, mixed used building, and apartment community. A one-family dwelling might be referred to as a semi-detached housing. In this case, each unit is separate from another. This makes it easier to sell the